Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards Free Essays

Critical Analysis Paper: The Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards Health Data Standards (HDS) are a key part of the construction of a National Health Information Network (NHIN). Having these standards will increase interoperability of various groups and organizations, improve safety, lower costs, and enable providers in all aspects of healthcare to access the same patient medical information easily and efficiently. W. We will write a custom essay sample on Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards or any similar topic only for you Order Now E. Hammond (2005), discusses the urgent need for HDS, the process of creating these standards, problems and issues regarding the development and implementation of these standards, and he suggests possible solutions to these issues. According to Hammond (2005), HDS are crucial to building an interchange of health data between different sites involved in patient care, building a population database for public health surveillance and bioterrorism defense, creating a network of personal health records and a regional health network, and the development of a â€Å"patient centric† electronic health record. Interoperability is discussed as the goal of the development of HDS. Interoperability is the ability of different organizations, structures, and systems to work together and communicate; sharing information, by using common words and data elements. These common data elements; such as medications, measurements, or lab tests, must be in the same â€Å"language† for different systems to be able to access them. Hammond suggests, however, that no one has been able to define the data standards necessary for the development of a functional NHIN. No successful resolution or plan has been put into place to create a system of data standards in the United States. Although there are standards that exist, there is no nationwide coordination of these standards which would make them useful. HDS are created for the benefit of patients, vendors, healthcare organizations, the government, and society in general. Hammond (2005) relates these standards to the barcode system used in grocery stores or the standardization of ATM machines to accept all kinds of debit cards. Even though different â€Å"brands† are competing against one another, standardization will benefit all involved parties. A single, integrated system is the best solution. Using different systems requires the use of expensive, custom made interfaces. HDS would avoid this problem. To develop standards, the individual organizations involved must â€Å"buy-in† to the acceptance process. Hammond suggests that standards can be created by interested parties who join to create a standard, the government, marketplace competition and the adoption of new technology, or by a formal consensus process lead by an organization such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI is a private, non-profit organization which administers and coordinates United States voluntary standards activities. It defines the formal balloting process for HDS which is used by most Standards Development Organizations (SDOs). Hammond lists several issues with the progress and acceptance of HDS. These include competition between SDOs, problems with the balloting process, the interest of vendors, HIPAA standards, and the involvement of stakeholders. Since healthcare is such a dynamic field, new standards must be approved often. This process is taking too long and has caused administrative burdens in trying to fill in the gaps. There is also a lack of funding for the development of HDS. In addition, there is no universally agreed upon method of approving standards in a timely fashion to ensure that vendors make money on their products while keeping up with rapidly changing standards. A registry for data elements is also needed and has yet to be developed. Finally, stakeholder input is needed in the standards development process and this has also posed a challenge. Clinical specialist input is increasingly important in order to develop a set of standards which is relevant to healthcare workers in the field. Building this type of knowledge base has been difficult, according to Hammond (2005). Hammond (2005) suggests that past efforts to identify and create standards have been poorly executed and in order for the US health care system to move forward, current issues must be resolved. He suggests that a neutral, non-profit organization in the private sector should be authorized to manage HDS. Funding should come from membership dues, revenue from services, and the federal government. Clinical groups should volunteer to share their expertise to help create new standards. These steps, he claims, will resolve the issues currently hindering the advancement of HDS development. These ideas, however, are neither new nor untested. Hammond’s ideas have been used in the past in the quest for a NHIN and they have not yet been successful. The process of finding successful HDS is not simple and finding a solution will not be as easy as Hammond suggests. References Hammond, W. E. (2005). The making and adoption of health data standards. Health Affairs, 24(5), 1205-1213. doi: 10. 1377/hlthaff. 24. 5. 1205 How to cite Making and Adoption of Health Data Standards, Essay examples

Hemingway Shelby free essay sample

Mary-Jog with a beautiful, structurally-sound home; meeting their needs and specifications, and within their budget of $300,000. 00. Throughout the planning and building processes, our Project Management teams strategy will be based on the process Of setting objectives, measuring results, as well as gaining and providing feedback to ensure growth and progress. Communication will be strong with the clients, stakeholders, subcontractors, and project team throughout the duration of this project as changes may occur due to various factors.In the event of said changes, a Change Management Plan has been created and the client (homeowners) will have the final say in what will be affected. Human Resources requirements and plans have been set to ensure that stakeholders, clients, and the project team are aware of what responsibilities are place unto whom. Therefore, all parties involved are aware of who to communicate with, what milestones are to be met and when, and who to convey concerns/issues with, should they arise. All construction is to be completed by June 30th, 201 5, leaving ample time for interior decorating. The following Project Plan will outline the construction of he home, excluding any time needed for interior decorating. As well, this plan will consider objectives, assumptions and constraints, dependencies, scope, work breakdown, schedule plan, budget plan, risk, quality, project metrics, human resource requirements, responsibility, and issue and change management.Project Objectives The desired outcome of Project: Home Sweet Home is to ensure that Benny and Mary-Jog have a move-in ready, structurally sound, custom home, within their budget and time requirements. The specific objectives are: Stay within $300,000. 00 budget Ensure that home is built in a manner such that it passes all regulatory inspections and meets all regulatory codes The layout of the home will be open-concept; good for entertaining and raising a family There must be 4 bedrooms. The master bedroom must have an unsuited bathroom, and there must be at least 1. More bathrooms in the house All appliances (fridge, stove, microwave, dishwasher, washer, and dryer) must be installed by move- in date The home will be built and ready for move-in by Saturday, July 18th, 2015 The assumptions within this project are that: Funds of $300,000. 0 are available to use A move in date of Saturday, July 1 8th, 2015 All required permits will be attained It is reasonable to assume that the budget may come in over or under what Mary-Jog and Benny originally anticipated. Should any of these assumptions not be true, a re-planning strategy will need to be in place immediately.For example, if permits delayed, it will cause a delay in building time. Should that delay OCCUr, workers will have less time to get the house move in ready by the date provided by the future homeowners. If this scenario occurs, it may be required that workers work overtime, or ore workers be used, therefore mor e funds will need to go into payment of the workers. Specific constraints related to this project include: Duration of time to obtain permits or pass inspections Duration of time to build home Budget Natural elements (i. E. Weather) Staffing (days off due to illness, vacation, or emergencies) Potential changes in home layout, design, or plan The constraints listed are both internal and external. The stakeholders, clients, Project Management Team, and subcontractors have all been made aware of these constraints and the challenges that come along with them. These challenges have been addressed in the Issue and Change Management Plan. Foundation Landscape External dependencies are a large factor in the development of the foundation and landscape.For instance, if there were to be three consecutive days of rain, this part of the project will be delayed until the ground is workable for these project elements. Outside Tasks Again, external dependencies will play a large role in the commencement and continuation of the outside tasks. Weather will be a contributing factor. If the weather conditions are not cohesive for roofing, this part of the project will be allayed, thus delaying some of the inside tasks. Inside Tasks There is a lot of internal dependency here.This part of the project could rely on whether workers show up for work, are on time for work, and if permits are approved on time. As well, if one part of the inside project is delayed, it could create a domino-effect for others. If mechanics, for instance, rely on certain electrical projects being complete, and those projects are not completed by their deadline, it will hinder the ability for the mechanical aspect to be completed. Required Inspections This will rely on the accurate and proper completion of all the aforementioned parts of the project.If something is not completed per regulatory standards, it will put a delay in the timeline and the budget could be compromised should an aspect of the project not be completed per the regulatory code. Project: Home Sweet Home was created in order to provide Mary-Jog and Benny with assurance that their dream home would be built to their specifications, using no more than a $300,000. 00 budget, by Saturday, July 18th, 2015. Our Project Management Team is committed to offering them a structurally-sound, move in-ready home with 4 bedrooms, 2 h bathrooms, hat meets all regulatory codes and has all specified appliances.Restrictions and potential challenges have been addressed (such as weather hindrances and permit delays) and all stakeholders have been advised of the communication plan should such issues arise. Stakeholders and homeowners are in agreement that, should changes arise, they will assist in supporting the Project Management Team in determining how changes will need to be made. Subcontractors have been hired to advise, assist, and do work on this project. These subcontractors are also well-educated on the Change Management Plan and are also aware of our communication processes and procedures.Staffing: Lost time due to staff absences Medium ill ensure that staff is not overworked, and allowed an appropriate amount of days off for vacation. Natural Elements: Losing time due to bad weather Low If we Start to have multiple days Of bad weather, and then installing once weather permitting. Will kick into building offside When it comes to quality specifications, it is important to keep the homeowners objectives in mind. Mary-Jog and Benny wanted to ensure that their home was move-in ready, open-concept, 4 bedrooms, 2. 5 bathrooms, with all appliances. As the Project Manager, it is expected that I am able to offer them all of these things within their set budget. To ensure that I am meeting all of their requests, and that nothing has changed for them, I will continuously stay in communication and, when able to, bring them through the home as it is being built to ensure that it is what they were expecting. Should any changes need to be made, it is best to do so in the earlier stages of building. To ensure that they are up-to-date of the budget and timeline allocations, communication is imperative.Advising Mary-Jog and Benny where their money is going is very important to ensure that they are maintaining confidence with the project and will be happy with the overall result. Acceptance Testing Process / Project Metrics Mary-Jog and Benny want their house move-in ready for July 18th, 201 5 using no more than a $300,000. 00 budget. The following metrics display the clients needs, how they will be determined, and questions to ask in determining them: 1. COST Will the project meet the budget?Cost Performance Index will be determined 2. TIME Will the project be done on time? A list of scheduled dates/milestones will be given A Schedule Plan will be followed 3. RISK Are challenges/changes planned? Are we effectively managing these challenges/changes? Are the stakeholders aware of the challenges/changes and what we will do to correct them? 4. SCOPE Are all parties involved prepared to change the plan should challenges arise? Will these changes still allow for the project to be completed on time and within budget? . QUALITY Are quality targets met? Are the clients happy? Are all inspections met successfully? The human resource recess that will be required throughout the course of this project are: Project Team Members Project Manager: Shelby Hemingway Project Assistant: Haley Maxwell Project Manager from Deluded Hom es (builders): Darrel Deluded Financial Officer/Co-ordination: Nick Vermicelli Project Consultant: Beyond Carter The Project Manager will initiate, oversee, review, and approve all facets of the project.Prior to any new development, Shelby will be responsible for ensuring that all parties are prepared and ready for work. Shelby will work closely with the Project Management Team, particularly the subcontractors and Financial Officer/Co-ordination. Shelby will also ensure that all permits are in place and correspond with regulatory bodies to ensure final inspections are successful. The Project Assistant, Haley Maxwell will ensure that all liberals stay in-line with their budget and timeliness. Minor occurrences and issues will be relayed through Haley.She will also assist the Project Manager with administrative tasks and site visits. The Project Manager from Silverware Homes will be responsible to ensure that homebuilding activities follow their schedule and budget plan. He will ensure that all variances in the aforementioned plans are reported to the project Management Team in a timely manner, and will be proactive in forecasting any issues or changes. The Financial Officer/Co-ordination plays an integral role in budgeting, and recasting the budget for all project activities.Reporting directly to, and working closely with, the Project Manager, Nick is responsible for ensuring that all monies spent are allocated and done so in a cost-efficient manner. The Project Consultant, Beyond Carter, will primarily be a liaison for all parties including the Project Management Team, subcontractors, stakeholders, and clients. This will require Beyond to be on-call and work atypical working hours. Beyond will ensure that all parties are aware of issues, changes, and requests, as well as make sure notification is provided to effected parties immediately.

Justice In Platos Republic Essays - Philosophy, Dialogues Of Plato

Justice In Plato's Republic Justice in Plato's Republic Justice Justice. What is justice? In this world where many people look out only for themselves, justice can be considered the happiness of oneself. But because selfish men do not always decide our standards in society, to find a definition, society should look at the opinions of many. Just as in the modern society to which we live, where everyone feels justice has a different meaning, the society of Plato also struggled with the same problem. In this paper, I will look into the Republic, one of the books of Plato that resides heavily on defining an answer to the meaning of Justice, and try to find an absolute definition. I will also give my opinion on what I personally think justice is. During the time Socrates and his fellow citizens spent looking for a definition, they came across many different examples. Well-known Athenians, such as Polemarchus, bring out their own definitions of what justice is, with examples like Justice is Doing the right thing, or Giving everyone his due. But soon after these definitions on justice were given, they were shot down by the quick wits of Socrates. Throughout the books of The Republic, I enjoyed reading the many ways that Plato picked apart the flaws in examples by others. It seems that Plato could find flaws without spending much time actually examining the definition. Friends and men of Athens had to restate and restructure their definitions time in and time out during the search for the meaning of Justice. Without the skill that Plato possessed in examining faults in definitions, one can quickly assume that a faulty definition works to be true. I did this many times while reading through different definitions. For example, the definition Polemarchus gives in section two of book one, saying that justice is giving everyone what is appropriate to him. To me, an example like this would fit as a definition, because without much examination, it works well for most situations. For example, if a man is good, then an appropriate r eturn for his goodness is to be good back to him. But if a man acts in a bad or troublesome way, an equally bad punishment is needed to counter his actions. I see this fitting, but Socrates of course easily found a flaw, finding this definition useless if followed, because of there not being a person best at benefiting friends and harming enemies. So the argument over what justice is goes on for some time throughout the Republic, only to lead to more unsolved definitions. Later, they talk about Justice on a more wide scale basis, rather that a personal basis. Stating that what is best for the community may in fact be what is best for the individual. In the end, Socrates and his fellow gentleman seem to arrive after much time with no agreement on a definition, a pattern seen in much of his work. But this still leaves the reader with many unanswered questions, the main one, What is the meaning of Justice? So the way I take it, there is not an agreeable set definition. I think this und efined meaning of Justice is still prevalent in the society of today, looking at the different ways so called Justice is brought and used throughout society. Throughout my life, I have seen and heard through news and media, many different examples of justice in our society, but for the most part they are not similar or set in all ways. Criminals that commit the same exact crime might be issued differing sentences, depending on factors such as gender, age or even status in society. Examples of this sort of injustice are seen almost daily, considering the crime filled world to which we live. An example of this could be rape or molestation. A man and a woman that both commit this crime would probably receive different sentences, in most cases, the man would get more time. But is this fair, are we being just in issuing unjust sentences like these? Status examples are also widely seen, cases where a famous or well known person might get off easy, because of who he or she

Easy Guide to Making Lesson Plans for Adult Students

Easy Guide to Making Lesson Plans for Adult Students Lesson plans for adult education arent difficult to design. Follow these easy steps and see how effective you can be. Every good course design begins with a needs assessment. For our purposes here, we’re going to assume you’ve completed this assessment and you understand what your students need and what your objectives are for the course you’re designing. If you don’t know your objectives, you’re not ready to design your course. Like any gathering of people for any reason, it’s good to begin at the beginning and address who is there, why they’ve gathered, what they hope to accomplish, and how they’ll accomplish it. Welcome and Introduction Build in 30 to 60 minutes at the opening of your class to conduct introductions and review your objectives and agenda. Your beginning will look something like this: Greet participants as they arrive.Introduce yourself and ask participants to do the same, giving their name and sharing what they expect to learn from the class. This is a good time to include an icebreaker that loosens people up and makes them feel comfortable sharing.Try a fun classroom introduction for the first day of school.Write their expectations on a flip chart or whiteboard.State the objectives of the course, explaining why certain expectations on the list either will or won’t be met.Review the agenda.Review housekeeping items: where the restrooms are, when the scheduled breaks are, that people are responsible for themselves and should take a restroom break early if they need one. Remember, you’re teaching adults. Module Design Divide your material into 50-minute modules. Each module will contain a warm up, a short lecture or presentation, an activity, and a debriefing, followed by a break. At the top of each page in your teacher’s guide, note the time needed for each section and the corresponding page in the student’s workbook. Warm Up Warm-ups are short exercises (5 minutes or shorter) that get people thinking about the topic you are about to cover. It can be a game or simply a question. Self-assessments make good warm-ups. So do icebreakers. For example, if you’re teaching learning-styles, a learning-style assessment would be a perfect warm up. Lecture Keep your lecture to 20 minutes or less if possible. Present your information in full, but remember that adults generally stop retaining information after about 20 minutes. They will listen with understanding for 90 minutes, but with retention for only 20. If you’re preparing a participant/student workbook, include a copy of the primary learning points of your lecture, and any slides you’re planning to use. It’s good for students to take notes, but if they have to furiously write everything, down, you’re going to lose them. Activity Design an activity that gives your students an opportunity to practice what they just learned. Activities that involve breaking into small groups to complete a task or to discuss an issue are good ways to keep adults engaged and moving. It is also a perfect opportunity for them to share the life experience and wisdom they bring to the classroom. Be sure to build in opportunities to take advantage of this wealth of relevant information. Activities can be personal assessments or reflections that are worked on quietly and independently. Alternatively, they can be games, role play, or small group discussions. Choose your activity based on what you know about your students and on the content of your class. If you are teaching a hands-on skill, hands-on practice is a great option. If you are teaching a writing skill, a quiet writing activity may be the best choice.   Debriefing After an activity, it’s important to bring the group back together and have a general discussion about what was learned during the activity. Ask for volunteers to share reactions. Ask for questions. This is your chance to make sure the material was understood. Allow for 5 minutes. It doesn’t take long unless you discover that learning hasn’t happened. Take a 10-minute Break It’s important to get adult students up and moving every hour. This takes a bite out of your available time, but it’ll be well worth it because your students will be far more attentive when the class is in session, and you’ll have fewer interruptions from people who have to excuse themselves. Tip While breaks are important, it’s crucial that you manage them well and begin again precisely on time, regardless of stragglers, or chatter will get carried away. Students will learn quickly that class begins when you said it would, and you’ll gain the respect of the entire group. Evaluation End your courses with a short evaluation to determine whether or not your students found the learning valuable. Emphasis on the short. If your evaluation is too long, students wont take the time to complete it. Ask a few important questions: Were your expectations of this course met?What would you have liked to learn that you didnt?What was the most helpful thing you learned?Would you recommend this class to a friend?Please share comments about any aspect of the day. This is just an example. Choose questions that are relevant to your topic. Youre looking for answers that will help you improve your course in the future.

Analyze the given scenario Essay Example for Free

Analyze the given scenario Essay Analyze the given scenario and perform a K.T problem analysis to identify the cause of the problem. Sparkling mineral water is the primary product of Bubbles, Inc. This firm, which is based in France, serves three major markets— Europe, North America, and Australia. It collects water from a natural spring; the water is then filtered through a parallel array of three filter units, each containing two charcoal filters. The filtration process removes trace amounts of naturally occurring contaminants. The filtered water is stored in separate tank farms, one for each market, until it is transported by tanker truck to one of the three bottling plants that serve the company’s markets. When the water arrives at the bottling plant, it is temporarily placed in 3500 m3 storage tanks until it can be carbonated to provide the effervescence that is the trademark of the producer. Some of the water is also flavored with lemon, cherry, and raspberry additives. Next, the sparkling water is packaged in a variety of bottle sizes and materials, ranging from 0-ounce glass bottles to 1-liter plastic bottles. The European market receives its shipments directly by truck, usually within three days. Products bound for North America or Australia are shipped first by truck to the waterfront and then by freighters to their overseas destinations. Business has been good for the last several months, with the North American and European markets demanding as much sparkling water as can be produced. This situation has required that Bubbles contract with additional plastic bottle suppliers to keep up with the increased demand. It has also forced regularly scheduled maintenance for the Australian and North American tank farms to be delayed and rescheduled because of the high demand for the product. There is also, of course, a larger demand placed on the spring that supplies the mineral water for the process.Unfortunately, the news is not all good for Bubbles. The bottling plant for the Australian market is currently several weeks behind schedule owing to a shipment that was lost at sea. This catastrophe has required that water from the company’s reserve springs, which are located many miles from the bottling plant, be used to augment the water supplied by the regular spring so that the bottling plant can operate at an even higher level of production. The availability of water from the reserve springs is hindered by their remote locations, but  the water from these springs does not require filtration. In addition, contract negotiations are going badly and it appears there will be a strike at all of the bottling plants. Recent weather forecasts indicate that relief from the ongoing drought, which has already lasted three months, is n ot likely. Worst of all, customers in the North American and Australian markets are complaining that all shipments of the sparkling water in the last six weeks have contained benzene in unacceptably high concentrations. You know that benzene is often used as an industrial solvent but is also found naturally. A quick survey of the bottling plant managers shows that the North American- bound products that are currently packaged and awaiting shipment have benzene concentrations in excess of acceptable concentrations. However, the managers of the bottling plants that service the Australian and European markets report that no significant level of benzene was detected in the bottles that are currently stored. Authorities in the North American and Australian markets have already begun recalling the product, with authorities in the European market pressuring Bubbles for a quick solution and threatening to recall products as a precautionary measure. Information adapted from the following journal:American Chemical Society. (1992). When the bubble burst: The company’s response proved as the original contamination. Analyze the given scenario. (2016, Aug 28).

Strategic Analysis differentials Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Analysis differentials - Assignment Example The board of directors of public companies should be involved in the planning process associated with strategic analysis at the corporate level. The implementation of strategic analysis at the business level is much different than at the corporate level. The manager or supervisor of a business unit is the person responsible for strategic analysis decisions at the business level. A big difference between the two concepts is that decisions made at the business level do not affect the long term plans of the company. Companies that empower their employees often involve their floor employees in the decision making process at the business level. A way to involve employees in the decision making process is by implementing a feedback system. Most of the decisions performed by supervisors or managers at the business level affect the company in the short term, which is much different than at the corporate level which deals mostly with long term

Write out the best day of your life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Write out the best day of your life - Essay Example It was the day to meet the president of the United States of America. "Do not worry it is just like any other place," stressed my brother as he left for school. There was no room for tension in the mind even though he is the leader of the free world. I had done a painting on the president of the United States and it gained publicity on social media. The president saw the picture and arranged a meeting with the individual behind the work. The cab drove inside the White house and individuals I did not know immediately surrounded me. I was shocked and they convinced me it was their work to ensure that the president is safe. Big burly men who then led me inside a room escorted me inside the White House. They closed the door on their way out, and to my surprise, the president was there. I took deep breaths of fresh air and approached him. It was an amazing feeling to meet the president of the United States of